Dr. Andrew P. Somlyo
Chairman   1988-  January 14, 2004

Research Description

Research in our laboratory is concentrated in two major areas:

1) The development and application of advanced electron and light optical methods for the study of subcellular composition and intra- and intercellular signal transduction and
2) the molecular mechanisms of contractile regulation and of the cross-bridge cycle in smooth muscle.

We are currently using X-ray mapping and electron probe X-ray microanalysis for determining the composition of membrane and cell organelles at 20 to 100 nm resolution, while developing energy filtered scanning transmission electron microscopy for obtaining a compositional imaging resolution of 2 to 3 nm. The latter methods are to be used for quantitatively imaging and determining the effects of calcium binding and phosphorylation on surface and organelle membranes, and on membranes mediating cell-to-cell conduction, with emphasis on the effect of calcium binding to gap junctions on cardiac conduction.

Our studies of contractile regulation are designed to identify the molecular level mechanisms of the G-protein-coupled signaling cascade, first identified by us, that inhibits myosin light chain phosphatase and so modulates the Ca²⁺ sensitivity of smooth muscle. A second objective is to determine how [MgADP] modulates force maintenance by unphosphorylated cross-bridges in smooth muscles containing different myosin isoforms.

The laboratory also offers a wide range of opportunities for applying high resolution compositional imaging technology (X-ray mapping, energy-filtered electron microscopy) to studies of cell signaling, subcellular ion transport and compartmentalization in cell systems ranging from bacteria through red blood cells to invertebrate photoreceptors.

Selected Publications:

Automated electron tomography with scanning transmission electron microscopy. Feng J, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV, Shao Z.J Microsc. Automated electron tomography with scanning transmission electron microscopy. 2007 Dec;228(Pt 3):406-12.PMID: 18045335

Khromov AS, Wang H, Choudhury N, McDuffie M, Herring BP, Nakamoto R, Owens GK, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. Smooth muscle of telokin-deficient mice exhibits increased sensitivity to Ca2+ and decreased cGMP-induced relaxation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 14;103(7):2440-5. Epub 2006 Feb 6.PMID: 16461919

Gorenne I, Jin L, Yoshida T, Sanders JM, Sarembock IJ, Owens GK, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. LPP expression during in vitro smooth muscle differentiation and stent-induced vascular injury. Circ Res. 2006 Feb 17;98(3):378-85. Epub 2006 Jan 5.PMID: 16397143

Somlyo A, Khromov A, Webb M, Corrie J, Ferenczi M, Trentham D, Somlyo AP. Crossbridge cycle in smooth muscle: kinetics assessed with flash photolysis and fluorescent probes. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2004;25(8):611-2. No abstract available. PMID: 16118844

 Choudhury N, Khromov AS, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. Telokin mediates Ca2+-desensitization through activation of myosin phosphatase in phasic and tonic smooth muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2004;25(8):657-65. Epub 2005 Feb 24.PMID: 15750850

Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. Signal transduction through the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in smooth muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2004;25(8):613-5. No abstract available. PMID: 15750846

Somlyo AV, Khromov AS, Webb MR, Ferenczi MA, Trentham DR, He ZH, Sheng S, Shao Z, Somlyo AP. Smooth muscle myosin: regulation and properties. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Dec 29;359(1452):1921-30. Review.PMID: 15647168

Stevenson AS, Matthew JD, Eto M, Luo S, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. Uncoupling of GPCR and RhoA-induced Ca2+-sensitization of chicken amnion smooth muscle lacking CPI-17. FEBS Lett. 2004 Dec 3;578(1-2):73-9.PMID: 15581619

Derewenda U, Oleksy A, Stevenson AS, Korczynska J, Dauter Z, Somlyo AP, Otlewski J, Somlyo AV, Derewenda ZS. The crystal structure of RhoA in complex with the DH/PH fragment of PDZRhoGEF, an activator of the Ca(2+) sensitization pathway in smooth muscle. Structure. 2004 Nov;12(11):1955-65.PMID: 15530360

Somlyo AV, Wang H, Choudhury N, Khromov AS, Majesky M, Owens GK, Somlyo AP. Myosin light chain kinase knockout. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2004;25(3):241-2. No abstract available. PMID: 15467390

Wamhoff BR, Bowles DK, McDonald OG, Sinha S, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV, Owens GK. L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels modulate expression of smooth muscle differentiation marker genes via a rho kinase/myocardin/SRF-dependent mechanism.  Circ Res. 2004 Aug 20;95(4):406-14. Epub 2004 Jul 15.PMID: 15256479

Akar JG, Everett TH, Ho R, Craft J, Haines DE, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. Intracellular chloride accumulation and subcellular elemental distribution during atrial fibrillation.  Circulation. 2003 Apr 8;107(13):1810-5. Epub 2003 Mar 17.PMID: 12665494

Feng, J., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (2003)  A system for acquiring simultaneous electron energy-loss and X-ray spectrum-images. J. Microsc.  IN PRESS

Khromov, A.S., Webb, M.R., Ferenczi, M.A., Trentham, D.R., Somlyo, A.P., and Somlyo, A.V (2003) Myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation and strain modulate ADP-release from smooth muscle myosin.  Biophys. J.   IN PRESS

Bonnevier, J., Fassler R., Somlyo, A.P. Somlyo, A.V. Arner, A. (2003) Modulation of Ca²⁺ sensitivity by cyclic nucleotides in smooth muscle from protein kinase G deficient mice. J. Biol. Chem. IN PRESS

Gorenne I, Nakamoto RK, Phelps CP, Beckerle MC, Somlyo AV, Somlyo AP.(2003)  LPP, a LIM protein highly expressed in smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003 Sep;285(3):C674-85.  [View Entrez Listing]

Sheng, S., Gao, Y., Khromov, A.S., Somlyo, A.V., Somlyo, A.P., and Shao, Z. (2003)  Cryo atomic force microscopy of unphosphorylated and thiophosphorylated single smooth muscle myosin molecules.  J. Biol. Chem. 278:39892-39896.   [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (2003) Ca²⁺-sensitivity of Smooth and Non-muscle Myosin II: Modulation by G Proteins, Kinases and Myosin Phosphatase.  Physiological Reviews  83(4):1325-1358 [View Entrez Listing]  [Free full PDF file]

Longnecker K, Read P, Lin SK, Somlyo AP, Nakamoto RK, Derewenda ZS (2003) Structure of a constitutively activated RhoA mutant (Q63L) at 1.55 Å resolution. Acta Crystallographica Section D59:876-880

Ho R., Fan D., Somlyo A.V., and Somlyo A.P. (2003) Calcium content of peripheral and central mitochondria in the guinea pig myocardium: electron probe analysis. Cell Calcium 33:247-256. [View Entrez Listing]

Akar,  J.G.,  Everett, T.H., Ho, R., Craft, J., Haines, D.E., Somlyo, A.P., and Somlyo, A.V. (2003)  Intracellular chloride accumulation and subcellular elemental distribution during atrial fibrillation.  Circulation 107(13):1810-5  [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo AV, Phelps C, diPierro C, Eto M, Read P, Barrett M, Gibson J, Burnitz MC, Myers C, Somlyo AP. (2003) Rho Kinase and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors Cooperate to Inhibit Angiogenesis and Growth of Human Prostate Cancer Xenotransplants. FASEB J. 17:223-234. [View Entrez Listing]

Wang H, Eto M, Steers WD, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. (2002) RhoA-mediated Ca²⁺  Sensitization in Erectile Function. J Biol Chem. 277(34):30614-30621 [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo AP, Somlyo AVS.(2002)The sarcoplasmic reticulum: then and now. Novartis Found Symp. 2002;246:258-68; discussion 268-71, 272-6 .[View Entrez Listing]

Jo M, Thomas KS, Somlyo AV, Somlyo AP, Gonias SL. (2002) Cooperativity between the Ras-ERK and Rho-Rho kinase pathways in urokinase-type plasminogen activator-stimulated cell migration. J Biol Chem. 277:12479-12485 [View Entrez Listing]

Ho R, Jia Z, Somlyo AP, Shao Z. (2001) Related Articles Improved precision of quantitating calcium in biological electron probe analysis. J Microsc. 204:61-8. [View Entrez Listing]

Walker, L.A., MacDonald, J.A., Liu, X., Nakamoto, R.K., Haystead,T.A.J., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (2001) Site-specific phosphorylation and point mutations of telokin modulate itsCa²⁺-desensitizing effect in smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem.276:24519-24524. [View Entrez Listing]

Gong, M.C., Gorenne, I., Read, P., Jia, T., Nakamoto, R. K., Somlyo, A.V., and Somlyo, A.P. (2001) Regulation by GDI of RhoA/Rho-kinase-induced Ca²⁺-sensitization of smooth muscle myosin II. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 281:C257. [View Entrez Listing]

Khromov, A.S., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (2001) Photolytic release of MgADP reduces rigor force in smooth muscle. Biophys. J. 80:1905-1914. [View Entrez Listing]

Shi D, Somlyo AV, Somlyo AP, Shao Z. (2001) Visualizing filamentous actin on lipid bilayers by atomic force microscopy in solution. J Microsc. 201:377-82. [View Entrez Listing]

Mack, C.P., Somlyo, A.V., Hautmann, M., Somlyo, A.P., and Owens, G.K. (2000) Smooth muscle differentiation marker gene expression is regulated by RhoA-mediated actin polymerization. J. Biol. Chem. 276:341-347. [View Entrez Listing]

MacDonald, J.A., Walker, L.A., Nakamoto, R.K., Gorenne, I., Somlyo, A.V., Somlyo, A.P., and Haystead, T.A.J. (2000) Phosphorylation of telokin by cyclic nucleotide kinases and the identification of in vivo phosphorylation sites in smooth muscle. FEBS Ltr. 479:83-88. [View Entrez Listing]

Matthew,J.D., Khromov, A.S., McDuffie, M.J., Somlyo, A.V., Somlyo, A.P., Taniguchi, S., and Takahashi, K. (2000) Contractile properties and proteins of smooth muscles of a calponin knockout mouse J. Physiol. 529:811-824.

Ho, R., Feng, J., Somlyo, A.P. and Shao, Z. (2000) Optimizing the window size for multiple least squares fitting of electron energy loss spectra. J. Microsc. (Oxford) 197:46-51. [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.V., Bradshaw, D., Ramos, S., Murphy, C., Myers, C.E., and Somlyo, A.P. (2000) Rho-kinase inhibitor retards migration and in vivo dissemination of human prostate cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 269:652-659. [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (2000) Signal transduction by G-proteins, Rho-kinase and protein phosphatase to smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin II. J. Physiol. 522:177-185. [View Entrez Listing]

Read, P.W., Liu, X., Longenecker, K., DiPierro, C. G., Walker, L.A., Somlyo, A.V., Somlyo, A.P., and Nakamoto, R.K. (2000) Human RhoA/RhoGDI complex expressed in yeast: GTP exchange is sufficient for translocation of RhoA to liposomes. Prot Sci. 9:1-11. [View Entrez Listing]

Longenecker, K., Read, P, Derewenda, U. , Dauter, Z., Liu, X., Garrard, S., Walker, L., Somlyo, A.V., Nakamoto, R. K., Somlyo, A.P., Derewenda, Z.S. (1999) How RhoGDI binds Rho. Acta Cryst. D55:1503-1515. [View Entrez Listing]

Ho, R., Feng, J., Shao, Z. and Somlyo, A.P. (1999) Calcium quantitation with a parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy/cooled charge-coupled device/200 keV system. Microsc. Microanal. 5:17-28.

Feng, J.L., Ho, R., Shao, Z. and Somlyo, A.P. (1999) Parallel electron energy-loss spectroscopy free from gain variation. Ultramicroscopy 76:221-231. [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.P. (1999) Kinases, myosin phosphatase and Rho proteins: curiouser and curiouser. J. Physiol. 516:630. [View Entrez Listing]

Fu, X., Gong, M.C., Jia, T., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1998) The effects of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on arachidonic acid-, GTPgS-, and phorbol ester-induced Ca2+-sensitization of smooth muscle. FEBS Lett. 440:183-187. [View Entrez Listing]

Matthew, J.D., Khromov, A.S., Trybus, K.M., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1998) Myosin essential light chain isoforms modulate the velocity of shortening propelled by nonphosphorylated crossbridges. J. Biol. Chem. 273:31289-31296. [View Entrez Listing]

He, Z.-H., Ferenczi, M.A., Brune, M., Trentham, D.R., Webb, M.R., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1998) Time-resolved measurements of phosphate release by cycling cross-bridges in portal vein smooth muscle. Biophys. J. 75:3031-3040. [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1998) From pharmacomechanical coupling to G-proteins and myosin phosphatase. Acta Physiol. Scand. 164:437-448. [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.V., Matthew, J.D., Wu, X., Khromov, A.S. and Somlyo, A.P. (1998) Regulation of the crossbridge cycle: the effects of MgADP, LC17 isoforms and telokin. Acta Physiol. Scand. 164:381-388. [View Entrez Listing]

Khromov, A., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1998) MgADP promotes a catch-like state developed through force-calcium hysteresis in tonic smooth muscle. Biophys. J. 75:1926-1934. [View Entrez Listing]

Khromov, A.S., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1998) Thiophosphorylation of myosin light chain increases rigor stiffness of rabbit smooth muscle. J. Physiol. 512:345-350. [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.P., Wu, X., Walker, L. and Somlyo, A.V. (1999) Pharmacomechanical coupling: the role of calcium, G-proteins, kinases and phosphatases. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 134:203-236. [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.P. (1998) How many messengers to send calcium? Am. J. Physiol. (Editorial Focus) 274:C1453-C1455. [View Entrez Listing]

Wu, X., Haystead, T.A.J., Nakamoto, R.K., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1998) Acceleration of myosin light chain dephosphorylation and relaxation of smooth muscle by telokin: synergism with cyclic nucleotide-activated kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 273:11362-11369. [View Entrez Listing]

Walker, L.A., Gailly, P., Jensen, P.E., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1998) The unimportance of being (protein kinase C) epsilon. FASEB J. 12:813-821. [View Entrez Listing]

Horikawa, Y., Goel, A., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1998) Mitochondrial calcium in relaxed and tetanized myocardium. Biophys. J. 74:1579-1590. [View Entrez Listing]

Lesh, R.E., Nixon, G.F., Fleischer, S., Airey, J.A., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1998) Localization of ryanodine receptors in smooth muscle. Circ. Res. 82:175-185. [View Entrez Listing]

Somlyo, A.P. (1997) Where Art Thou, Calcium? Microsc. Microanal. 3:913-914.

Somlyo, A.P. (1997) Signal transduction: Rhomantic interludes raise blood pressure. Nature (News & Views) 389:908-911. [View Entrez Listing]

Fujihara, H., Walker, L.A., Gong, M.C., Lemichez, E., Boquet, P., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1997) Inhibition of RhoA translocation and calcium sensitization by in vivo ADP-ribosylation with the chimeric toxin DC3B. Mol. Biol. Cell 8:2437-2447. [View Entrez Listing]

Gong, M.C., Fujihara, H., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1997) Translocation of rhoA associated with Ca2+-sensitization of smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 272:10704-10709. [View Entrez Listing]

Wei, Y., Zhang, Y., Derewenda, U., Liu, X., Minor, W., Nakamoto, R.K., Somlyo, A.V., Somlyo, A.P. and Derewenda, Z.S. (1997) Crystal structure of RhoA-GDP and its functional implications. Nature Struct. Biol. 4:699-703. [View Entrez Listing]

Zhang, Y., Shao, Z., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1997) Cryo-atomic force microscopy of smooth muscle myosin. Biophys. J. 72:1308-1318. [View Entrez Listing]

Gailly, P., Gong, M.C., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1997) Possible role of atypical protein kinase C activated by arachidonic acid in Ca2+-sensitization of rabbit smooth muscle. J. Physiol. 500:95-110. [View Entrez Listing]

Gong, M.C., Fujihara, H., Walker, L.A., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1997) Downregulation of G-protein-mediated Ca2+-sensitization in smooth muscle. Mol. Biol. Cell 8:279-286. [View Entrez Listing]

Jensen, P.E., Gong, M.C., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1996) Separate upstream and convergent downstream pathways of G-protein and phorbol ester-mediated Ca²⁺-sensitization of myosin light chain phosphorylation in smooth muscle. Biochemical J. 318:469-475. [View Entrez Listing]

Gailly, P., Wu, X., Haystead, T.A.J., Somlyo, A.P., Cohen, P.T.W., Cohen, P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1996) Regions of the 100-kDa regulatory subunit M₁₁₀ required for regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity in smooth muscle. Eur. J. Biochem. 239:326-332. [View Entrez Listing]

Khromov, A., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1996) Nucleotide binding by actomyosin as a determinant of relaxation kinetics of rabbit phasic and tonic smooth muscle. J. Physiol. 492:669-673. [View Entrez Listing]

Wu, X., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A. P. Somlyo (1996) Cyclic GMP-dependent stimulation reverses G-protein-coupled inhibition of smooth muscle myosin light chain phosphatase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 220: 658-663. [View Entrez Listing]

Ho, R., Shao, Z. and Somlyo, A.P. (1996) The effects of non-uniform specimen thickness on thickness determination and elemental quantitation with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) J. Microscopy Soc. Am.2:87-97.

Gong, M.C., Iizuka, K., Nixon, G., Browne, J.P., Hall, A., Eccleston, J.F., Sugai, M., Kobayashi, S., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1996) Role of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins–ras-family or trimeric or both–in Ca2+ sensitization of smooth muscle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:1340-1345. [View Entrez Listing ]

Haystead, C.M.M., Gailly, P., Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V. and Haystead, T.A.J. (1995) Molecular cloning and functional expression of a recombinant 72.5 kDa fragment of the 110 kDa regulatory subunit of smooth muscle protein phosphatase 1M. FEBS Lett. 377:123-127. [View Entrez Listing ]

Khromov, A., Somlyo, A.V., Trentham, D.R., Zimmermann, B. and Somlyo, A.P. (1995) The role of MgADP in force maintenance by dephosphorylated cross-bridges in smooth muscle: a flash photolysis study. Biophys. J. 69:2611-2622. [View Entrez Listing ]

Zimmermann, B., Somlyo, A.V., Ellis-Davies, G.C.R., Kaplan, J.H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1995) Kinetics of prephosphorylation reactions and myosin light chain phosphorylation in smooth muscle: Flash photolysis studies with caged calcium and caged ATP. J. Biol. Chem. 270:23966-23974. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shao, Z. and Somlyo, A.P. (1995) Stereo representation of atomic force micrographs: Optimizing the view. J. Microscopy 180:186-188.

Nixon, G.F., Iizuka, K., Haystead, C.M.M., Haystead, T.A.J., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1995) Phosphorylation of caldesmon by mitogen-activated protein kinase with no effect on Ca²⁺ sensitivity in rabbit smooth muscle. J. Physiol. 487:283-289. [View Entrez Listing ]

Lesh, R.E., Somlyo, A.P., Owens, G.K. and Somlyo, A.V. (1995) Reversible permeabilization: A novel technique for the intracellular introduction of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into intact smooth muscle. Circ. Res. 77:220-230. [View Entrez Listing ]

Gong, M.C., Kinter, M.T., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1995) Arachidonic acid and diacylglycerol release associated with inhibition of myosin light chain dephosphorylation in rabbit smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 486:113-122. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shao, Z., Yang, J. and Somlyo, A.P. (1995) Biological atomic force microscopy: From microns to nanometers and beyond. Annu. Rev. Cell Devel. Biol. 11:241-265. [View Entrez Listing ]

Tang, Z., Ho. R., Xu, Z., Shao, Z. and Somlyo, A.P. (1994) A high-sensitivity CCD system for parallel electron energy-loss spectroscopy (CCD for EELS). J. Microscopy 175:100-107. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shirazi, A., Iizuka, K., Fadden, P., Mosse, C., Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A. V., and Haystead, T.A.J. (1994) Purification and characterization of the mammalian myosin light chain phosphatase holoenzyme: The differential effects of the holoenzyme and its subunits on smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 269:31598-31606. [View Entrez Listing ]

Iizuka, K., Ikebe, M., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1994) Introduction of high molecular weight (IgG) proteins into receptor coupled, permeabilized smooth muscle. Cell Calc. 16:431-445. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1994) Signal transduction and regulation in smooth muscle. Nature 372:231-236. [View En trez Listing ]

Wang, Y. Y., Ho, R., Shao, Z. and Somlyo, A.P. (1994) Optimum specimen thickness for trace element analysis by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Microbeam Anal. 3:87-96.

Somlyo, A. P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1994) Smooth muscle: excitation-contraction coupling, contractile regulation, and the cross-bridge cycle. Alcoholism: Clin. Exptl. Res. 18:138-143. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. (1993) Myosin isoforms in smooth muscle: how may they affect function and structure? J. Mus. Res. Cell Motil. 14:557-563. [View Entrez Listing ]

Fuglsang, A., Khromov, A., Török, K., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1993) Flash photolysis studies of relaxation and cross-bridge detachment: higher sensitivity of tonic than phasic smooth muscle to MgADP. J. Mus. Res. Cell Motil. 14:666-673. [View Entrez Listing ]

Yang, J., Tamm, L.K., Somlyo, A.P. and Shao, Z. (1993) Promises and problems of biological atomic force microscopy. J. Microscopy 171:183-198. [View Entrez Listing ]

Zhao, L., Wang, Y.Y, Ho, R., Shao, Z., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1993) Thickness determination of biological thin sections by multiple least-squares fitting of the carbon K-edge in the electron energy loss spectrum. Ultramicroscopy 48:290-296. [View Entrez Listing ]

Lesh, R.E., Marks, A.R., Somlyo, A.V., Fleischer, S. and Somlyo, A.P. (1993). Anti-ryanodine receptor antibody binding sites in vascular and endocardial endothelium. Circ. Res. 72:481-488. [View Entrez Listing ]

Nishiye, E., Somlyo, A.V., Torok, K. and Somlyo, A.P. (1993) The effects of MgADP on cross-bridge kinetics: a laser flash photolysis study of guinea-pig smooth muscle. J. Physiol. 460:247-271. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Ziegler, A., Baumann, O., Walz, B. and Somlyo, A.P. (1993) Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of subcellular ion transport in situ. Microscopy Soc. Am. Bull. 23:163-167.

Yang, J., Takeyasu, K., Somlyo, A.P. and Shao, Z. (1992) Scanning tunneling microscopy of an ionic crystal: ferritin core. Ultramicroscopy 45:199-203. [View Entrez Listing ]

Hendrick, M.J., Goldschmidt, M.H., Shofer, F.S., Wang, Y.Y., and Somlyo, A.P. (1992) Postvaccinal sarcomas in the cat: Epidemiology and electron probe microanalytical identification of aluminum. Canc. Res. 52:5391-5394. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Horiuti, K., Trentham, D.R., Kitazawa, T. and Somlyo, A.P. (1992) Kinetics of Ca2+ release and contraction induced by photolysis of caged D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in smooth muscle: The effects of heparin, procaine and adenine nucleotides J. Biol. Chem. 267:22316-22322. [View Entrez Listing ]

Ziegler, A., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1992) Beta-adrenergic effects on cellular Na, Mg, Ca, K and C1 in vascular smooth muscle: electron probe analysis of rabbit pulmonary artery. Cell Calc. 13:593-602. [View Entrez Listing ]

Gong, M.C., Fuglsang, A., Alessi, D., Kobayashi, S., Cohen, P., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1992) Arachidonic acid inhibits myosin light chain phosphatase and sensitizes smooth muscle to calcium. J. Biol. Chem. 267:21492-21498. [View Entrez Listing ]

Gong, M.C., Cohen, P., Kitazawa, T., Ikebe, M., Masuo, M., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1992) Myosin light chain phosphatase activities and the effects of phosphatase inhibitors in tonic and phasic smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 267:14662-14668. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kitazawa, T., Masuo, M. and Somlyo, A.P. (1992) G protein-activation inhibits smooth muscle MLC phosphatase to increase the contractile sensitivity to Ca2+. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 58:348P. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1992) Pharmacomechanical coupling: The role of G-proteins in Ca2+-release and modulation of Ca2+-sensitivity. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 58:54P-59P. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Nishiye E. and Somlyo, A.P. (1992) Myosin in smooth muscle: From thick filaments to the cross-bridge cycle. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 58:41P-46P. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shimada, T. and Somlyo, A.P. (1992) Modulation of voltage-dependent Ca channel current by arachidonic acid and other long-chain fatty acids in rabbit intestinal smooth muscle. J. Gen. Physiol. 100:27-44. [View Entrez Listing ]

Wang, Y.Y., Ho, R., Shao, Z. and Somlyo A.P. (1992) Optimization of quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy in the low loss region: Phosphorus L-edge. Ultramicroscopy. 41:11-31. [View Entrez Listing ]

Lydrup, M.L., Himpens, B., Droogmans, G., Hellstrand, P. and Somlyo, A.P. (1992) Paradoxical decrease in cytosolic calcium with increasing depolarization by potassium in guinea-pig mesotubarium smooth muscle. Pflugers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol. 420:428-433. [View Entrez Listing ]

Yang, J., Takeyasu, K., Somlyo, A.P. and Shao, Z. (1991) Molecular resolution imaging of polyglucose by scanning tunneling microscopy. FEBS Lett. 297:295-299. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kitazawa, T., Masuo, M. and Somlyo, A.P. (1991) G-protein-mediated inhibition of myosin light-chain phosphatase in vascular smooth muscle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:9307-9310. [View Entrez Listing ]

Yang, J., Shao, Z., Takeyasu, K. and Somlyo, A.P. (1991) Imaging bio-macromolecules by scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning Microscopy 13:1-80.

Shao, Z., Baumann, O., and Somlyo, A.P. (1991) Axial resolution of confocal microscopes with parallel-beam detection. J. Microscopy 164:13-19. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kitazawa, T., Gaylinn, B.D., Denney, G.H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1991) G-protein-mediated Ca2+ sensitization of smooth muscle contraction through myosin light chain phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1708-1715. [View Entrez Listing ]

Luckie, D.B., Boyd, K.L., Mizushima, A., Shao, Z., Somlyo, A.P., and Takeyasu, K. (1991) Expression of functional sodium and calcium pump chimeric molecules. The Sodium Pump: Recent Developments. New York, NY: The Rockefeller University Press. Pp. 237-242

Somlyo, A.V., Horiuti, K., Kitazawa, T., Trentham, D.R., Somlyo, A.P. (1990) Kinetics of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release in smooth muscle isolated from guinea-pig portal vein. J. Physiol. 429:14.

Baumann, O., Walz, B., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1991) Electron probe microanalysis of calcium release and magnesium uptake by endoplasmic reticulum in bee photoreceptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:741-744. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kobayashi, S., Gong, M.G., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1991) Ca2+ channel blockers distinguish between G-protein-coupled, pharmacomechanical Ca2+ release and Ca2+ sensitization in smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 260: C364-C370. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kitazawa, T. and Somlyo, A.P. (1990) Desensitization and muscarinic re-sensitization of force and myosin light chain phosphorylation to cytoplasmic Ca2+ in smooth muscle. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 172:1291-1297. [View Entrez Listing ]

Baumann, O., Kitazawa, T., and Somlyo, A.P. (1990) Laser confocal scanning microscopy of the surface membrane/T-tubular system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum in insect striated muscle stained with DilC18(3). J. Struct. Biol. 105:154-161. [View Entrez Listing ]

Baumann, O., Walz, B. And Somlyo, A.P. (1990) Electron probe analysis of calcium and magnesium movements in photoreceptor endoplasmic reticulum. Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress for Electron Microscopy. San Francisco Press Inc.

Himpens, B., Kitazawa, T., and Somlyo, A.P. (1990) Agonist dependent modulation of the Ca2+ sensitivity in rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle. Eur. J. Physiol. 417:21-28. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo. A.V. (1990) Flash photolysis studies of excitation-contraction coupling, regulation and contraction in smooth muscle. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 52:857- 874. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Kitazawa, T., Horiuti, T., Kobayashi, S., Trentham, D.R. and Somlyo, A.P. (1990) Heparin-sensitive inositol trisphosphate signaling and the role of G-proteins in Ca2+ -release and contractile regulation in smooth muscle. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 327:167-182. [View Entrez Listing ]

Horiuti, K., Somlyo, A.V., Goldman, Y.E., and Somlyo, A.P. (1989) Kinetics of contraction initiated by flash photolysis of caged adenosine trisphosphate in tonic and phasic smooth muscles. J. Gen. Physiol. 94:769-781. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kobayashi, S., Kitazawa, T., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1989) Cytosolic heparin inhibits muscarinic and a-adrenergic Ca2+ release in smooth muscle: Physiological role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in pharmacomechanical coupling. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 17997-18004. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Himpens, B. (1989) Cell calcium and its regulation in smooth muscle. FASEB J. 3:2266-2276. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kitazawa, T., Kobayashi, S., Horiuti, K., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo A.P. (1989) Receptor coupled, permeabilized smooth muscle: Role of the phosphatidylinositol cascade, G-proteins, and modulation of the contractile response to Ca2+. J. Biol. Chem. 264:5339-5342. [View Entrez Listing ]

Himpens, B., Matthijs, G. and Somlyo, A.P. (1989) Desensitization to cytoplasmic Ca2+ and Ca2+ sensitivities of guinea-pig ileum and rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 413:489-503.

Eckenhoff, R. and Somlyo, A.P. (1989) Cardiac mitochondrial calcium content during fatal doxorubicin toxicity. Toxicol. App. Pharmacol. 97:167-172. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kaplan, J.H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1989) Flash photolysis of caged compounds: new tools for cellular physiology. Trends in Neurosciences (TINS) 12:54-59.

Somlyo, A.P., Kitazawa, T., Himpens, B., Matthijs, G., Horiuti, K., Kobayashi, S., Goldman, Y.E. and Somlyo, A.V. (1989) Modulation of Ca2+-sensitivity and of the time course of contraction in smooth muscle: a major role of protein phosphatases? Adv. Prot. Phosphatases 5:181-195.

Jorgensen, A.O., Broderick, R., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo A.V. (1988) Two structurally distinct calcium storage sites in rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: An electron probe microprobe analysis study. Circ. Res. 63:1060-1069. [View Entrez Listing ]

Eckenhoff, R.G. and Somlyo, A.P. (1988) Rat lung type II cell and lamellar body: elemental composition in situ. Am. J. Physiol. 254:C614-C620. [View Entrez Listing ]

Himpens, B.H., Matthijs, G., Somlyo, A.V., Butler, T.M., and Somlyo, A.P. (1988) Cytoplasmic free calcium, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and force in phasic and tonic smooth muscle. J. Gen. Physiol. 92:713-729. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Broderick, R., Shuman, H., Buhle, Jr., E.L., and Somlyo, A.P. (1988) Atrial-specific granules in situ have high calcium content, are acidic and maintain anion gradients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6222-6226. [View Entrez Listing ]

Pape, P.C., Konishi, M., Baylor, S.M., and Somlyo, A.P. (1988) Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibres injected with the InsP3 blocker, heparin. FEBS Lett. 235:57-62. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Walker, J.W., Goldman, Y.E., Trentham, D.R., Kobayashi, S., Kitazawa, T. and Somlyo, A.V. (1988) Inositol trisphosphate, calcium and muscle contraction. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 320:399-414. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kobayashi, S., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo A.P. (1988) Heparin inhibits the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent, but not the independent, calcium release induced by quanine nucleotide in vascular smooth muscle. Biochem. Biophys, Res. Commun. 153:625-631.

Kobayashi, S., Somlyo, A.P., and Somlyo A.V. (1988) Guanine nucleotide- and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release in rabbit main pulmonary artery. J. Physiol. 403:601-619. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Goldman, Y.E., Fujimori, T., Bond, M., Trentham, D.R. and Somlyo, A.P. (1988) Cross-bridge kinetics, cooperativity, and negatively strained cross-bridges in vertebrate smooth muscle: a laser-flash photolysis in study. J. Gen. Physiol. 91:165-192. [View Entrez Listing ]

Himpens, B. and Somlyo, A.P. (1988) Free-calcium and force transients during depolarization and pharmacomechanical coupling in guinea-pig smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 395:507-530. [View Entrez Listing ]

Bond, M., Vadasz, G., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1987) Subcellular calcium and magnesium mobilization in rat liver stimulated in vivo with vasopressin and glucagon. J. Biol. Chem. 262:15630-15636. [View Entrez Listing ]

Broderick, R. and Somlyo, A.P. (1987) Calcium and magnesium transport in situ mitochondria: Electron probe analysis of vascular muscle. Circ. Res. 61:523-530. [View Entrez Listing ]

Yoshioka, T. and Somlyo, A.P. (1987) The effects of quinine on the calcium and magnesium content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the temperature-dependence of quinine contractures. J. Mus. Res. Cell Motil. 8:322-328. [View Entrez Listing ]

Walker, J.W., Somlyo, A.V., Goldman, Y.E., Somlyo, A.P. and Trentham, D.R. (1987) Kinetics of smooth and skeletal muscle activated by laser pulse photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Nature 327:249-251. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Goldman, Y., Fujimori, T., Bond, M., Trentham, D.R. and Somlyo, A.P. (1987) Crossbridge transients initiated by photolysis of caged nucleotides and crossbridge structure, in smooth muscle. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 245:27-41. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kaplan, J.H., Kennedy, B.G. and Somlyo, A.P. (1987) Calcium- stimulated sodium efflux from rabbit vascular smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 388:245-260. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shuman, H., Chang, C.F., Buhle, E.L., Jr., and Somlyo, A.P. (1986) Electron energy loss spectroscopy: Quantitation and imaging. Annu. New York Acad. Sci. 483:295-310. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1987) Electron energy analysis of near trace element concentrations of calcium. Ultramicroscopy 21:23-32. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1986) Electron probe analysis of calcium content and movements in sarcoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and cytoplasm. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 8:S42-S47. [View Entrez Listing ]

Chang, C.F., Shuman, H., and Somlyo, A.P. (1986) Electron probe analysis, X-ray mapping, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy of calcium, magnesium and monovalent ions in log-phase and in dividing Escherichia coli B cells. J. Bacteriol. 167:935-939. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shuman, H., Chang, C.F., and Somlyo, A.P. (1986) Elemental imaging and resolution in energy-filtered conventional electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 19:121-134. [View Entrez Listing ]

Goldman, Y.E., Reid, G.P., Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V., Trentham, D. R., and Walker, J.W. (1986) Activation of skinned vascular smooth muscle by photolysis of ‘caged inositol trisphosphate’ to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). J. Physiol. 377:100.

Wasserman, A.J., McClellan, G. and Somlyo, A.P. (1986) Calcium-sensitive cellular and subcellular transport of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in sodium-loaded vascular smooth muscle: Electron probe analysis. Circ. Res. 58:790-802. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V., Bond, M., Scarpa, A., Kowarski, D., Shuman, H. and Kitazawa, T. (1985) Subcellular calcium movements and the role of inositol trisphosphate in smooth muscle. Adv. Prot. Phosphatases 11: 193-213.

Somlyo, A.P., Urbanics, R., Vadasz, G., Kovach, A.G.B. and Somlyo, A.V. (1985) Mitochondrial calcium and cellular electrolytes in brain cortex frozen in-situ: Electron probe analysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 132:1071-1078. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. (1985) Excitation-contraction coupling. The messenger across the gap. Nature 316:298-299.

Somlyo, A.P. (1985) Excitation-contraction coupling and the ultrastructure of smooth muscle. Circ. Res. 57:497-507. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Wasserman, A.J., Kitazawa, T., Bond, M., Shuman, H. Somlyo, A.V. (1985) Calcium and sodium distribution and movements in smooth muscle. Experientia 41:981-988. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Bond, M., Somlyo, A.P. and Scarpa, A. (1985) Inositol trisphosphate- induced calcium release and contraction in vascular smooth muscle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:5231-5235. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kowarski, D., Shuman, H., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1985) Calcium release by noradrenaline from central sarcoplasmic reticulum in rabbit main pulmonary artery smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 366:153-175. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., McClellan, G., Gonzalez-Serratos, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1985) Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of post- tetanic Ca2+ and Mg2+ movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum in-situ. J. Biol. Chem. 260:6801-6807. [View Entrez Listing ]

Lew, V.L., Hockaday, A., Sepulveda, M.I., Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V., Ortiz, O.E. and Bookchin, R.M. (1985) Compartmentalization of sickle-cell calcium in endocytic inside-out vesicles. Nature 315:586-589. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. (1985) Cell calcium measurement with electron probe and electron energy loss analysis. Cell Calc. 6:197-212. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Bond, M. and Somlyo, A.V. (1985) Calcium content of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in liver frozen in vivo. Nature 314:622-625. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Walz, B. (1985) Elemental distribution in rana pipiens retinal rods: quantitative electron probe analysis. J. Physiol. 358:183-195. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. (1984) Compositional mapping in biology: X-rays and electrons. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 88:135-142. [View Entrez Listing ]

Bond, M., Shuman, H., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1984) Total cytoplasmic calcium in relaxed and maximally contracted rabbit portal vein smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 357:185-201. [View Entrez Listing ]

Bond, M., Kitazawa, T., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1984) Release and recycling of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in guinea-pig portal vein smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 355:677-695. [View Entrez Listing ]

Yoshioka, T. and Somlyo, A.P. (1984) Calcium and magnesium contents and volume of the terminal cisternae in caffeine- treated skeletal muscle. J. Cell Biol. 99:558-568. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kruit, P., Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1984) Detection of X- rays and electron energy loss events in time coincidence. Ultramicroscopy 13:205-214. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. (1984) Cell Physiology:Cellular site of calcium regulation. Nature 309:516-517. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kitazawa, T., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1984) The effects of valinomycin on ion movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum in frog muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 350:253- 268. [View Entrez Listing ]

Walz, B., and Somlyo, A.P. (1984) Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of leech photoreceptors. J. Comp. Physiol. 154:81-87.

Junker, J.L., Wasserman, A.J., Berner, P.F. and Somlyo, A.P. (1984) Electron probe analysis of sodium and other elements in hypertrophied and sodium-loaded smooth muscle. Circ. Res. 54:254-266. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kitazawa, T., Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1983) Quantitative electron probe analysis: Problems and solutions. Ultramicroscopy 11:251-262.

Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V., Shuman, H. and Endo, M. (1982) Calcium and monovalent ions in smooth muscle. Fed. Proc. 41:2883-2890. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Shuman, H. (1982) Electron probe and electron energy loss analysis in biology. Ultramicroscopy 8:219- 234. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1982) Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy of ferritin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:106-107. [View Entrez Listing ]

Kitazawa, T., Shuman, H., and Somlyo, A.P. (1982) Calcium and magnesium binding to thin and thick filaments in skinned muscle fibres: Electron probe analysis. J. Mus. Res. Cell Motil. 3:437-454. [View Entrez Listing ]

Stewart, M., Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V., Shuman,H., Lindsay, J.A. and Murrell, W.G. (1981) Scanning electron probe x-ray microanalysis determination of elemental distributions in freeze-dried cryosections of Bacillus coagulans 320 spores. J. Bacteriol. 147:670-674. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Gonzalez-Serratos, H., Shuman, H., McClellan, G. and Somlyo, A.P. (1981) Calcium release and ionic changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of tetanized muscle: An electron probe study. J. Cell Biol. 90:577-594. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Butler, T.M., Bond, M. and Somlyo, A.P. (1981) Myosin filaments have non-phosphorylated light chains in relaxed smooth muscle. Nature 294:567-570. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1981) Effects and subcellular distribution of magnesium in smooth and striated muscle. Fed. Proc. 40:2667-2671.

Chiesi, M., Ho, M.M., Inesi, G., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo A.P. (1981) Primary role of sarcoplasmic reticulum in phasic contractile activation of cardiac myocytes with shunted myolemma. J. Cell Biol. 91:728-742. [View Entrez Listing ]

Berner, P.F., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1981) Hypertrophy- induced increase of intermediate filaments in vascular smooth muscle. J. Cell Biol. 88:96-101. [View Entrez Listing ]

Berner, P.F., Frank, E., Holtzer, H., and Somlyo, A.P. (1981) The intermediate filament proteins of rabbit vascular smooth muscle: immunofluorescent studies of desmin and vimentin. J. Mus. Res. Cell Motil. 2:439-452.

Stewart, M., Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V., Shuman, H., Lindsay, J.A., and Murrell,W. G. (1980) Distribution of calcium and other elements in cryosectioned Bacillus Cereus T-spores, determined by high-resolution scanning electron probe X-ray microanalysis. J. Bacteriol. 143:481-491. [View Entrez Listing ]

Johansson, B. and Somlyo, A.P. (1980) Electrophysiology and excitation-contraction coupling. In The Handbook of Physiology: The Cardiovascular System. Vol. II. Vascular Smooth Muscle. D.F. Bohr, A.P. Somlyo and H.V. Sparks, eds., American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Md. pp. 301- 324.

James-Kracke, M.R., Sloane, B.F., Shuman, H. Karp, R. and Somlyo, A.P. (1980) Electron probe analysis of cultured vascular smooth muscle. J. Cell. Physiol. 103:313-322. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V. and Shuman, H. (1979) Electron probe analysis of vascular smooth muscle: Composition of mitochondria, nuclei and cytoplasm. J. Cell Biol. 81:316-335. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.V. (1979) Electron probe analysis of muscle: A progress report. In Microbeam Analysis. D.E. Newbury, ed., San Francisco Press, Inc., San Francisco, CA., pp. 54-58.

James-Kracke, M.R., Sloane, B., Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1979) Lysosomal composition in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: Electron probe analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:6461-6465. [View Entrez Listing ]

Vallieres, J., Fortier, M., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1978) Isolation of plasma membranes from rabbit myometrium. Int. J. Biochem. 9:487-498. [View Entrez Listing ]

Sloane, B.F., Scarpa, A. and Somlyo, A.P. (1978) Vascular smooth muscle mitochondria: Magnesium content and transport. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 189:409-416. [View Entrez Listing ]

Gonzalez-Serratos, H., Somlyo, A.V., McClellan, G., Shuman, H., Borrero, L.M. and Somlyo, A.P. (1978) Composition of vacuoles and sarcoplasmic reticulum in fatigued muscle: Electron probe analysis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:1329-1333. [View Entrez Listing ]

Franzini-Armstrong, C., Heuser, J.E., Reese, T.S., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1978) T-Tubule swelling in hypertonic solutions: A freeze substitution study. J. Physiol. (London) 283:133-140. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1977) Composition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in situ by electron probe x-ray microanalysis. Nature 268:556-558. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1977) Elemental distribution in striated muscles and effects of hypertonicity: Electron probe analysis of cryo-sections. J. Cell Biol. 74:828-857. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shuman, H.R., Somlyo, A.V., and Somlyo, A.P. (1977) Theoretical and practical limits of ED x-ray analysis of biological thin sections. In Scanning Electron Microscopy Vol. 1. O. Johari, ed., IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL. pp. 663-672.

Schumacher, H.R., Somlyo, A.P., Tse, R.L. and Maurer, K. (1977) Arthritis associated with apatite crystals. Ann. Int. Med. 87:411-416.

Garfield, R.E. and Somlyo, A.P. (1977) Golgi apparatus and lectin-binding sites: Effects of lasalocid (X537A). Exp. Cell Res. 109:163-179. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1976) Ultrastructural aspects of activation and contraction of vascular smooth muscle. Fed. Proc. 35:1288-1293. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shuman, H., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1976) Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of biological thin sections: Methods and validity. Ultramicroscopy 1:317-339. [View Entrez Listing ]

Shuman, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1975) Electron probe x-ray analysis of single ferritin molecules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73:1193-1195. [View Entrez Listing ]

Holtzer, H., Strahs, K., Biehl, J., Somlyo, A.P., and Ishikawa, H. (1975) Thick and thin filaments in postmitotic, mononucleated myoblasts. Science 188:943-945. [View Entrez Listing ]

Vallieres, J., Scarpa, A. and Somlyo, A.P. (1975) Subcellular fractions of smooth muscle: Isolation, substrate utilization and Ca++ transport by main pulmonary artery and mesenteric vein mitochondria. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 170:659-669. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Garfield, R.E., Chacko, S. and Somlyo, A.V. (1975) Golgi organelle response to the antibiotic X537A. J. Cell Biol. 66:425-443. [View Entrez Listing ]

Holtzer, H., Croop, J., Dienstman, S., Ishikawa, H. and Somlyo, A.P. (1975) Effects of cytochalasin B and colcemide on myogenic cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 72:513-517. [View Entrez Listing ]

Gambetti, P.O., Erulkar, S.E., Somlyo, A.P. and Gonatas, N.K. (1975) Calcium-containing structures in vertebrate glial cells: Ultrastructural and microprobe analysis. J. Cell Biol. 64:322-330. [View Entrez Listing ]

Ashton, F.T., Somlyo, A.V., and Somlyo, A.P. (1975) The contractile apparatus of vascular smooth muscle: Intermediate high voltage stereo electron microscopy. J. Mol. Biol. 98:17-29. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V., Devine, C.E., Peters, P.D., and Hall, T.A. (1974) Electron microscopy and electron probe analysis of mitochondrial cation accumulation in smooth muscle. J. Cell Biol. 61:723-742. [View Entrez Listing ]

Holtzer, H., Rubenstein, N., Dienstman, S., Chi, J., Biehl, J. and Somlyo, A.P. (1974) Perspectives in myogenesis. Biochemie 56:1575-1580.

Holtzer, H., Croop, J., Gershon, M. and Somlyo, A.P. (1974) Effects of cytochalasin-B and colcimide on cells in muscle cultures. Am. J. Anat. 141:291-296. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Devine, C.E., Somlyo, A.V. and Rice, R.V. (1973) Filament organization in vertebrate smooth muscle. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 265:223-229. [View Entrez Listing ]

Jones, A.W., Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1973) Potassium accumulation in smooth muscle and associated ultrastructural changes. J. Physiol. (London) 232:247-273. [View Entrez Listing ]

Devine, C.E., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1973) Sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as cation accumulating sites in smooth muscle. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 265:17-23. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V. and Smiesko, V. (1972) Cyclic AMP and vascular smooth muscle. In Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Research. Vol. 1. R. Paoletti and G.A. Robinson, eds., New York, NY: Raven Press, pp. 175-194. [View Entrez Listing ]

Devine, C.E., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1972) Sarcoplasmic reticulum and excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian smooth muscle. J. Cell Biol. 52:690-718.

Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1971) Strontium accumulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in vascular smooth muscle. Science 174:955-958. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V. and Friedman, N. (1971) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic quanine monophosphate, and glucagon: Effects on membrane potential and ion fluxes in the liver. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 185:108-114. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Devine, C.E., Somlyo, A.V., and North, S.R. (1971) Sarcoplasmic reticulum and the temperature-dependent contraction of smooth muscle in calcium-free solutions. J. Cell Biol. 51:722-741. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Devine, C.E., and Somlyo, A.V. (1971) Thick filaments in unstretched mammalian smooth muscle. Nature New Biol. 233:218-219. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V., Devine, C.E. and Rice, R.V. (1971) Aggregation of thick filaments into ribbons in mammalian smooth muscle. Nature New Biol. 231:243-246. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1971) Electrophysiological correlates of the inequality of maximal vascular smooth muscle contraction elicited by drugs. In Vascular Neuroeffector Systems. J.A. Bevan, R.F. Furchgott, R.A. Maxwell and A.P. Somlyo, (eds). Basel: S. Karger AG, pp. 216-228.

Rice, R.V., McManus, G.M., Devine, C.E. and Somlyo, A.P. (1971) Regular organization of thick filaments in mammalian smooth muscle. Nature New Biol. 231:242-243. [View Entrez Listing ]

Devine, C.E. and Somlyo, A.P. (1971) Thick filaments in vascular smooth muscle. J. Cell Biol. 49:636-649. [View Entrez Listing ]

Friedmann, N., Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1971) Cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphates and glucagon: effect on liver membrane potentials. Science 171:400-402. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Haeusler, G. and Somlyo, A.P. (1970) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate: Potassium-dependent action on vascular smooth muscle membrane potential. Science 169:490- 491. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P., and Somlyo, A.V. (1970) Vascular smooth muscle: II. Pharmacology of normal and hypertensive vessels. Pharmacol. Rev. 22:249-353. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Vinall, P. and Somlyo, A.P. (1969) Excitation-contraction coupling and electrical events in two types of vascular smooth muscle. Microvasc. Res. 1:354-373. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1969) Pharmacology of excitation- contraction coupling in vascular smooth muscle and in avian slow muscle. Fed. Proc. 28:1634-1642. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1968) Vasotocin-magnesium interaction in vascular smooth muscle of the hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 24:267-270. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1968) Electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling in vascular smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 159:129-145. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Somlyo, A.V. (1968) Vascular smooth muscle: I. Normal structure, pathology, biochemistry, and biophysics. Pharmacol. Rev. 20:197-272. [View Entrez Listing ]

Woo, C. and Somlyo, A.P. (1967) Interaction of magnesium with vasopressin in intestinal smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 155:347-366. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.P. and Woo, C. (1967) b-adrenergic auto inhibition of the effect of noradrenaline on avian pulmonary artery. J. Pharm. Pharmac. 19:59-61.

Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1967) Active state and catch-like state in rabbit main pulmonary artery. J. Gen. Physiol. 50:168-169.

Somlyo, A.P., Somlyo, A.V. and Woo, C. (1967) Neurohypophysical peptide interaction with magnesium in avian vascular smooth muscle. J. Physiol. (London) 192:657-668. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Woo, C. and Somlyo, A.P. (1966) Effect of magnesium upon posterior pituitary hormone action on vascular smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 210:705-714. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1966) Effect of angiotensin and beta-adrenergic stimulation on venous smooth muscle. Am. Heart J. 71:569-570. [View Entrez Listing ]

Somlyo, A.V., Woo, C. and Somlyo, A.P. (1965) Responses of nerve-free vessels to vasoactive amines and polypeptides. Am. J. Physiol. 208:748-753.

Somlyo, A.V., Sandberg, R.L. and Somlyo, A.P. (1965) Pharmacologically heterogenous smooth muscle cell distribution in blood vessels. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 149:106-112.

Somlyo, A.V. and Somlyo, A.P. (1964) Vasomotor function of smooth muscle in the main pulmonary artery. Am. J. Physiol. 206:1196-1200.

Somlyo, A.P. and Sun, H.H. (1963) A simplified method for obtaining requirements of Wiener’s optimum system. IEEE-Trans. on Edu. 6:97-98.

Somlyo, A.P. and Grayzel, J. (1963) Left atrial arrhythmias. Am. Heart J. 65:68-76.

Somlyo, A.P. and Halloran, K.H. (1962) Tricuspid atresia: An electrocardiographic study. Am. Heart J. 63:171-179.

Reid, W.O., Somlyo, A.V., Somlyo, A.P. and Custer, R.P. (1962) The role of the platelet in fibrinolysis with a sensitive test for fibrinolytic activity. Am. J. Clin. Path. 37:561-566.

Levine, O.R. and Somlyo, A.P. (1962) Digitalis intoxication in premature infants. J. Pediatr. 61:70-78.

Somlyo, A.P. and Waye, J.D. (1960) Abnormal lactation: Report of a case induced by reserpine and a brief review of the subject. J. Mt. Sinai Hosp. 27:5-9.

Somlyo, A.P. (1960) The toxicology of digitalis. Am. J. Cardiol. 5:523-533.

Somlyo, A.P. (1960) Molar sodium lactate antagonism of myocardial depressants. Am. Heart J. 60:484.

Bellett, S., Hamdan, G., Somlyo, A.P. and Lara, R.A. (1959) A reversal of the cardiotoxic effects of procaine amide by molar sodium lactate. Am. J. Med. Sci. 237:177-188.

Bellett, S., Hamdan, G., Somlyo, A.P. and Lara, R.A. (1959) The reversal of cardiotoxic effects of quinidine by molar sodium lactate: An experimental study. Am. J. Med. Sci. 237:165-176.